Developing an integrated model of Islamic social finance: toward an effective governance framework
Effective governance ؛ Integration ؛ Islamic social finance ؛ Transformation
Heliyon
1401/2022
چکیده
Integrated Islamic social finance has an important role in achieving sustainable development (Abdullah, 2018 ؛ Fauzi et al., 2022 ؛ Hudaefi, 2020 ؛ Sukmana, 2020). Islamic social finance (ISF) is a type of finance that is based on Islamic principles and aims to create a successful community by assisting the poor and the weak (Cattelan, 2019). Islamic social finance includes philanthropic instruments (zakat infaq, alms, waqf), cooperative instruments (qard and qard hasan), and contemporary-based instrument (microfinance) (IRTI, 2020 ؛ Jouti, 2019). As the country that has the highest level of philanthropy, Indonesia has great potential in developing Islamic social finance (Charities Aid Foundation, 2021 ؛ Widiastuti et al., 2021a, 2021b ؛ Fauzi et al., 2022). The potential for zakat reaches USD 26.1 billion, for cash waqf USD 12.6 million, and for land waqf USD 140 billion. However, the realization has only reached 3% for zakat (BAZNAS, 2021) and 0.21% for cash waqf (KNEKS, 2021). This fact shows that zakat is still primarily distributed in the form of consumptive (cash assistance), whilst waqf is still used for the non-productive sector that has fewer long-term effects (Huda et al., 2017 ؛ Ministry of National Development Planning, 2019 ؛ Widiastuti and Rani, 2020). Additionally, overlapping distribution and lack of coordination from the stakeholders become a few of the obstacles in enriching the poor (Widiastuti et al., 2021a, 2021b). The existing condition is a challenge for Islamic social financial institutions to manage and distribute Islamic social funds with the right strategy. Thus the realization of limited funds can offer us an opportunity to transform the mustahiq into the muzakki. Integrated Islamic social finance is the right strategy to answer these challenges. For now, not many zakat and waqf schemes complement each other in an effort to maximize the utility of Islamic social funds (Ministry of National Development Planning, 2019). In the regional context, Indonesia has yet to implement Islamic social finance Integration although it has been managed in an institutional and modern manner for the past 20 years. Research conducted by Sari et al. (2019) shows that the time taken by the mustahiq to exit poverty by receiving zakat is faster (3.3 years) than without it (6.6 years). Integrated Islamic social funds such as zakat, waqf, and microfinance will initiate new perspectives in financial investment owned by Islamic social finance (IRTI, 2020 ؛ Jouti, 2019). Consequently, if the instruments of Islamic social finance are integrated, the Transformation of mustahiq will be more effective. The integrated model of Islamic social finance significantly contributes to filling the gap in Islamic finance theory